A. Find the words from the text which mean the following. The first letter has been given.
a. making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, etc. c………. Ans: comfortable
b. having a degree from the university g………. Ans: graduated
c. without being connected with or influenced by something or by each other i…………… Ans: independently
d. the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something i………. Ans: innovation
e. familiar with something, having read, seen or experienced it a………. Ans: acquainted
f. a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks e……….. Ans: entrepreneur
g. an opportunity or a place for somebody to express their opinions publicly or make progress in a particular area p…….. Ans: platform
h. to use something, especially for a practical purpose u………. Ans: utilize
B. The plural form of bacterium is bacteria. Irregular plural nouns are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es, as most nouns in the English language do. Now, write the plural forms of the following nouns.
Words
Plural Forms
Words
Plural Forms
calf
calves
basis
bases
sheaf
sheaves
cactus
cactuses/cacti
louse
lice
crisis
crises
person
persons/people
formula
formulas
ox
oxen
fungus
fungi
goose
geese
oasis
oases
analysis
analyses
curriculum
curricula
appendix
appendixes
fungus
fungi
Comprehension
Answer these questions.
a. How did Mahabir Pun begin his lifelong journey in Nepal after coming back to Nepal from the US? Ans: Mahabir Pun began his lifelong journey in Nepal after coming back to Nepal from the US deciding to stay in his home village Nangi of Myagdi district to help villagers start a high school as a volunteer teacher.
b. Why didn’t he want to work for other companies in the US or in Nepal? Ans: He didn’t want to work for other companies in the US or in Nepal because he want to work independently and he want to get benefit for own work.
c. Why did he involve in innovation? Ans: He involved in innovation because of finding the problem of solution in Nepal.
d. What are the income-generating programmes that he helped to start? Ans: The income-generating programmes that he helped to start are Yak farming, camping ground for the trekkers, cheese making, jam making, paper making, bee keeping, vegetable farming, handicraft making, fish farming, etc.
e. Whose support is Pun getting to proceed with his campaign? Ans: Pun is getting of communities to proceed with his campaign.
f. How have the developed countries become prosperous? Ans: The developed countries became prosperous because they have given high important to research and innovation to the top priority and invest huge amount in research and innovation.
g. How can we keep the most talented and innovative people in Nepal? Ans: We can keep the most talented and innovation people in Nepal by given high respect and support system.
Critical Thinking
a. Pun says, “We do not have culture of innovation that encourages young people to be innovative and creative”. Do you agree with him? Explain.
Ans: Innovation is the engine to drive the economic development. No country in the world has become economically successful without giving more priority for research and innovation and without investment of large amounts of money for promoting its innovative citizen.
Innovative thoughts are a important as academic grades of the students. No research and innovative ideas are prioritized in our schools, colleges and universities. Our education system is traditional and still limited to papers and classrooms. Our education policy doesn’t help young people to encourage to be innovative and creative. This has made many students go abroad in search of better education every year. In the developed countries research based education is always given the topmost priority. They spend a huge amount of money and time on that. In Nepal, there is no opportunity for young people who are likely to do something new since we don’t have culture of encouraging them. This is the reason why the talented youths don’t want to stay and work in Nepal.
It is the responsibility if the government to create sound environment and supportive system to keep the most talented and innovative people and use them for the economic development of Nepal.
b. What qualities does an individual need to become an entrepreneur?
Ans: Starting a business isn’t easy. For many people running a business means giving up the comfort and safety of a regular “day job” to pursue a passion or dream. Through careful and honest self-examination, you can decide it if you have some beneficial qualities.
Perseverance: When looking for business success, entrepreneurs inevitably face challenges, even failures. You may have difficulty obtaining financing or your initial marketing efforts. You may have to declare bankruptcy. Successful entrepreneurship requires continuous efforts and determination if you have your position rigid.
Self-Discipline: Entrepreneurs should have the quality of self-discipline. No one forces you to get out of bed in the morning and go to work. As an entrepreneur, you need to be self-disciplined and ready for work whether it is a beautiful, sunny day or a favorite show an television.
Passion: You will eagerly spend most of your waking time working time working in your chosen business venture. Therefore, having a passion for what you are doing is an important entrepreneurial quality. If you don’t enjoy your quest or feel strongly, it may seem like just another job. Losing interest in your business makes your success more complicated.
Self Confidence: In business, your actions are completely responsible for your success. Therefore, you should be able to promote yourself and your business on an ongoing basis. Self-promotion is one of the best marketable tools available to entrepreneurs. You need to have faith in yourself and your business idea to tell the world about it through tireless marketing.
Competitiveness: Unless your business concept is completely unique, you will have to face competition in your chosen venture. You will need to have a competitive spirit to defeat your opponent. The study of the competition is necessary as it results in a profitable learning experience.
Grammar
E. Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
a. I don’t know where Muna is. Have you seen (you/see) her?
b. Janak wasn’t (not/be) very well last week.
c, Last night I lost (lose) my keys. So I stayed in my friend’s home.
d. I have lost (lose) my keys. Can you help me look for them?
e. I have known (know) Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.
f. She lived (live) in Sikkim when she was a child.
g. A: What’s wrong? B: I have broken (break) a glass.
h. A: When did you arrive (you/arrive)? B: At 10 pm last night.
i. How long have you known (you/know) Sarmila for?
j. This is the first time I have driven (drive) a car.
F. Use been or gone.
a. I’ve never been to Japan.
b. Kalpana has gone to Korea. She may come back next year.
c. A: Where’s Rachana? B: She has gone to the shops.
d. Harina was here earlier but I think she has gone now.
